Friction Calculation and Simulation of Column Electric Power Steering System

This study presents a procedure for friction calculation of column electric power steering (C-EPS) system which affects handling and comfort in driving. The friction losses estimation is obtained from experimental tests and mathematical calculation. Parts in C-EPS mainly involved in friction losses are bearings and worm gear. In the theoretical approach, the gear geometry and Hertz law were employed to measure the normal load and the sliding velocity and contact areas from the worm gears driving conditions. The viscous friction generated in the worm gear was obtained with a theoretical approach and the result was applied to model the friction in the steering system. Finally, by viscous friction coefficient and Coulomb friction coefficient, values of friction in worm gear were calculated. According to the Bearing Company and the characteristics of each bearing, the friction torques due to load and due to speed were calculated. A MATLAB Simulink model for calculating the friction in bearings and worm gear in C-EPS were done and the total friction value was estimated

Cloning and Expression of Randomly Mutated Bacillus subtilis α-Amylase Genes in HB101

The aim of this study was to isolate and express the randomly mutated α-amylase gene from B. subtilis strain 168. BS168F: 5′-gtgtcaagaatgtttgc-3′ and BS168R: 3′-gttttgttaaaagatga-5′ primers were used to amplify the amylase gene using the following cycle in error-prone PCR method: 94°C for 30 s, 40°C for 2 min, and 72°C for 2 min in 30 cycles that were followed with 72°C for 2 min as a post cycle. E. coli XL1 blue was used as host for plasmid construction. Amylase enzyme activity assay was performed using continuous spectrophotometric procedures. Results of sequencing showed that sequence was cloned from the first ATG and with the correct open reading frame. Having confirmed the integrity of the insert, the gene was ligated into expression vector pET-15b and then further confirmed using digestion analysis. Amylase activity showed 3 clones with higher enzymatic activity compared with the wild type. Error-prone PCR method produced a mutated gene that provides amylase activity much higher than that of wild type. Sequencing the mutated genes should shed light on the important region of the genes that could be manipulated in future studies

Integration of Hardware in the Loop with Brake Pedal Robot and Control the System via dSpace

A highly increasing demand for using Hardware in the Loop is significant in automotive field and using HIL is increasing. This study shows the development of a brake pedal robot integration with Hardware in the Loop (HIL). The aim is to get the connection between brake pedal robot and HIL via Profibus successfully. Success will be defined by evaluation of the pedal robot control via control desk (dSPACE). To get the connection between dSPACE and brake pedal robot, a full SIMULINK model has been created. As a result, the brake pedal robot control by using dSPACE will represent. Force and position control can be achieved by installing the load cell and LVDT on the pedal. In this study, with help of control desk (dSPACE), the analysis on each parameters of PID controller will discuss and the best values for the parameters will demonstrate

TP53 Codon 72 Heterozygosity May Promote MicrosatelliteInstability in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

Objective: The polymorphic variants at codon 72 of the p53 gene, encoding prolineor arginine at residue 72, produce marked changes in the p53 structure. From theevidence that the DNA mismatch repair system and p53 interact to maintain genomicintegrity, we hypothesized that codon 72 variations may influence the prevalence ofmicrosatellite instability (MSI), a feature of malignancies associated with mismatchrepair deficiency in sporadic colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods: We investigated the frequency of MSI in three P53 codon72 genotypes using genomic DNAs from 144 paraffin blocks of sporadic colorectaladenocarcinomas by testing the BAT-26 poly(A) marker. We used PCR-SSCP analysisto detect tumor sample MSI for the nonisotopic detection of deletions in the BAT-26 poly (A) mononucleotide repeat. Associations between qualitative variables wereevaluated using the χ2-test. Statistical significance level was set to p ≤ 0.05.Results: MSI analysis revealed that 24.3% of the tumors (n=35) were MSI-positiveand 75.7% (n=109) were MSI-negative. The frequency of microsatellite instability inthe arginine/arginine, arginine/proline and proline/proline genotypes were 11 (16.9%),22 (36.1%) and 2 (11.1%) respectively. A significant difference in distribution of MSIwas found for the arginine/proline genotype compared with the grouped arginine/arginineand proline/proline genotypes (p=0.05).Conclusion: Our findings suggested that colorectal adenocarcinomas arising in individualswith the p53 codon 72 arginine/proline heterozygosity are more prone tomicrosatellite instability than those with other p53 genotypes. In our study, MSI wasimportant in the carcinogenesis of sporadic colorectal cancer arising in pro/arg heterozygotes

Evaluation of accuracy of Euroscore risk model in prediction of perioperative mortality after coronary bypass graft surgery in Isfahan*

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Euroscore (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) in predicting perioperative mortality after cardiac surgery in Iranian patient population. Methods: Data on 1362 patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery (CABG) from 2007 to 2009 were collected. Calibration was assessed by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess score validity. Odds ratios were measured to evaluate the predictive value of each risk factor on mortality rate. Results: The overall perioperative in hospital mortality was 3.6% whereas the Euroscore predicted a mortality of 3.96%. Euroscore model fitted well in the validation databases. The mean AUC was 66%. Mean length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 2.5 ± 2.5 days. Among risk factors, only left ventricular dysfunction, age and neurologic dysfunction were found to be related to mortality rate. Conclusions: Euroscore did not have acceptable discriminatory ability in perioperative in hospital mortality in Iranian patients. It seems that development of a local mortality risk scores corresponding to our patients epidemiologic characteristics may improve prediction of outcome

Identification and cloning of putative water clarification genes of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori in E. coli Xl 1 blue cells

Background: Water purification processes include the use of chemical compounds despite the concern that they may induce diseases. An ecological solution to this dilemma can come from the use of plant seeds for this purpose. Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori seeds have water clarification ability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to look for certain water clarification genes in M. peregrina. Materials and Methods: After preparation of M. peregrina callus, mRNA was extracted from these cells. After application of reverse transcriptase, the obtained cDNA (s) were used for PCR amplification of the desired genes using primers based on MO 2.1 gene of Moringa oleifera. DNA amplification products were cloned in E. coli Xl 1 blue cells and DNA sequences were compared with Mo 1,2 gene in M. oleifera. Results: We obtained 3 PCR products (approximately 200, 300, and 400 bps). Conclusion: After comparison of the sequences of 300bp band obtained from M. peregrina with Mo 1,2 gene in M. oleifera, it seems that 300bp band is a good candidate to investigate regarding its potential flocculent activity

Theoretical design of a new chimeric protein for the treatment of breast cancer

p28 and NRC peptides are two anticancer peptides with various mechanisms have shown to be effective against breast cancer. Therefore, it seems that construction of a chimeric protein containing the two peptides might cause synergistic cytotoxic effects. However, since the two peptides bear opposite charges, production of a chimeric protein in which the two moieties do not intervene each other is difficult. In this study, our goal was to find a suitable peptide linker for the new chimeric protein in a manner that none of the peptides intervene the other’s function. We selected some linkers with different characteristics and lengths and created a small library of the chimeric proteins harboring these linkers. Homology modeling and molecular dynamic simulation revealed that (PA)5P and (EAAAK)3 linkers can separate the p28 and NRC peptides effectively. Thus, the chimeric protein linked with (PA)5P or (EAAAK)3 linkers might show synergistic and stronger anticancer effects than the separate peptide moieties because they could exert their cytotoxic effects freely which is not influenced by the other part